Links to Grammar Resources on the Web
This page contains links to some grammar and vocabulary mistakes pages on the web. Please note that these resources are all outside actionenglish.com and the content is obviously the responsibility of the site on which they are hosted. I would appreciate any comments on these sites.
All of the sites open in a new page. A few difficult words are also liked to definitions in the excellent Cambridge Dictionaries Online, (these also open in a new page).
Links
Test Yourself: Quizzes in Different Areas
http://a4esl.org/
A menu of links to a vast
amount of quizzes classified in different areas and by level. The quizzes
have been examined to make sure that they do not contain too many mistakes.
A good place to test yourself, but not much input. You can use these quizzes
to identify problem areas to follow up on, perhaps using the links below.
One problem with most of the tests linked to is that they rely on the "old"
grammar book format of only using single sentences to contextualise
the grammar or vocabulary problem. Personally I feel that bigger texts are
usually better.
Metalanguage: General Sites
http://english.unitecnology.ac.nz/resources/resources/exp_lang/
An excellent site sponsored by the New Zealand government. Although not entirely
complete, it seems to be as good as many grammar books you could buy.
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_grammarterms.htm
A good quiz from the generally very good people at about.com. No explanations
here.
http://www.grammarstation.com/servlet/quiz.PosGlossaryQuiz
Rather a difficult quiz using some very technical terms. Don't worry if you
don't get all these correct (I didn't).
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/grammar.html
Another site with a lot of metalanguage defined, for me this is not always
as clear as the NZ site above.
http://www.davidappleyard.com/english/grammar.htm
This page of the site has examples of a lot of terms but does not include
definitions (although there are links to some other areas of the site which
give more detail in some areas). It does introduce more subdivisions within
categories than are often required (e.g. I think the difference between what
the site refers to as "attributive" and "predicative"
adjectives is not normally made or useful). It also calls a number of items
"adjectives" that are often referred to under other headings (e.g.
I would use the term "determiner" to describe the "this"
in "This book", whereas this site calls it a "demonstrative
adjective".) There are also some other variants on what I would say were
the most common terms used in British based English Language Teaching (ELT).
However it is a useful checklist of terms that you can use to check your understanding
of grammatical concepts.
Parts of Speech (or "Word Classes")
Parts of Speech: Information About Parts of Speech
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/partsp.html
A brief summary. The page contains hyperlinks to areas of the site which give
more detail. Note that this site uses the term "compound verb" which
personally I do not think is a useful distinction / term.
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/part%20of%20speech
A few notes and links to other parts of the site with more detail (some of
them are referenced below). The page does comment that the traditional eight
categories are sometimes not actually very accurate. Note that this is site
is essentially a linguistics site and so not only concerned with English.
Some of the areas of the site may not be so useful for English learners, although
some may find the background and comparisons with other languages interesting.
I have put links to what I think are the most useful parts of the site below.
The language used on this site might be quite difficult for some learners
as it is quite theoretical.
Parts of Speech: Activities
http://www.funbrain.com/grammar/index.html
A very easy game to make sure you understand simple examples of common parts
of speech.
http://grammar.englishclub.com/parts-of-speech_quiz.htm
A short exercise on recognising common parts of speech.
http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/exercises/diagnostic.html
http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/exercises/diagnostic2.html
These are more advanced exercises to test your knowledge of parts of speech
and some other grammatical terms. Designed to accompany a book.
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/nouns_quiz1.htm
Good quiz in recognising nouns in context.
Nouns
Nouns: Information About Nouns
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/noun
A linguistic overview of different types of nouns in English. The page contains
hyperlinks to other related topics. Note that this page prefers the term "mass
noun" to the probably more commonly used "uncountable noun".
The language used on this site might be quite difficult for some learners
as it is quite theoretical.
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.html
A good summary of the different types of nouns in English, with example sentences.
The page contains hyperlinks to other related topics. Note that the site does
use the term "Possessive case" which I do not think is a useful
distinction and is uncommon. IMHO
this is an example of the sort of old fashioned term / distinction rightly
criticised by some other writers (see for example http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/part%20of%20speech
). The site also uses the term "compound verb" which personally
I do not think is a useful distinction / term. I also do not much like the
adverb and adjective sections of the site!
Nouns: Countable and Uncountable
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/noncount.htm# This page has a good profile of some classes of uncountable nouns, which might make them easier to remember. (The site prefers the terms "count" and "non-count".) It has a good section on how nouns can change category when used in different ways. This is a common problem area for learners (especially of languages such as Cantonese). There are linked quizzes (see below). There is a second linked page at http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/noun_exercise.htm
Nouns: Activities
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/nouns_quiz1.htm
Good quiz in recognising nouns in context.
Nouns: Activities: Compound Nouns
http://cctc.commnet.edu/cgi-shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/compounds_quiz.htm
This is a quiz on compound nouns and the way that they are modified. This
area is often particularly difficult if you speak Cantonese or another language
which combines noun-like elements with simple regular rules. Unfortunately
I think that the "rules" section on this site is rather complicated.
You need to remember that a) compound nouns (e.g. "a classroom table")
are usually made plural by putting the plural marker (usually "s")
on the second noun (i.e."some classroom tables"), and b) rules about
hyphen use are quite often different in different dictionaries, native speakers
therefore often use different forms. This (hyphen use) is the one area where
I habitually use whatever my word processing software suggests. It's easier
that way.
Nouns: Activities: Countable and Uncountable
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/cross/plurals_gap.htm
Classifying plural countable and uncountable nouns
http://cctc.commnet.edu/cgi-shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/nouns_quiz.htm
Recognising countable and uncountable nouns
Pronouns
Pronouns: Information About Pronouns
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/pronouns.html
A comprehensive overview of pronouns. The page contains hyperlinks to other
related topics. A lot of useful example sentences. Note that this site uses
the term "compound verb" which personally I do not think is a useful
distinction / term. I have made some other criticisms of this site above.
Articles and Determiners
Determiners: Information About Determiners
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/determiner
A brief summary of determiners. The page contains hyperlinks to other related
topics. The language used on this site might be quite difficult for some learners
as it is quite theoretical.
Articles: Article Usage
http://www.davidappleyard.com/english/articles.htm
A good summary.
Articles and Determiners: Activities: Indefinite or Definite Articles
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/cross/articles_quiz.htm
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/articles2.htm
Quizzes on choosing the appropriate article in a passage. Recommended.
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9901/cw-articles.html
A quiz on choosing the appropriate article in individual sentneces. There
are some problems with this one, I think that, as well as the answers given,
Question 5 could be c), Question 12 could be d) and Question 16 could be c)
Articles
and Determiners: Activities: Quantifiers
http://cctc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/cross/quantifiers2.htm
Adjectives
Adjectives: Information About Adjectives
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/adjective
A linguistic overview of adjectives. The page contains hyperlinks to other
related topics. The language used on this site might be quite difficult for
some learners as it is quite theoretical.
Adjectives: Activities: Comparatives and Superlatives
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/compsup3.html A quiz on the rules for superlatives and comparatives. This is a good mix of activity and "metaknowledge".
Verbs: Information About Tenses
http://english.unitecnology.ac.nz/resources/resources/exp_lang/verbs.html
Good overview of the forms of, and terminology used with, verbs. The page
does not attempt to describe the meaning and use of verbs.
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html
A very good overview of the tense system. Particularly useful are the time
lines included. The present perfect explanation is especially good. IMHO
the explanation of the difference between "will" and "going
to" is perhaps a little too simple. The site integrates practice exercises.
http://www.davidappleyard.com/english/tenses.htm
A lot of detail on usage here (perhaps too much), but well summarised. I do
think that some of the relationships pointed out between particular verbs
and the tenses could be misleading, as they seem to particularly apply to
contrasts with continuous uses rather than, for example, the past simple).
This seems especially true for the entries for the present simple.
http://staff.washington.edu/marynell/
Probably a bit simple (especially for the present perfect). I would also disagree
with the entry for the present continuous, where (depending on the type of
verb) I think that the important feature is that you know the action will
end (perhaps that its end is planned). Nevertheless the site has a reasonable
quick summary.
Verbs: Passive Voice
http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-voice.htm
Guidance on how to make passive forms, some notes on usage followed by an
exercise on recognising some passives in sentences (links at bottom of pages).
Verbs: Activities
http://www.englishforjapanese.com/exercises/elementary/01%20easy%20verb%20mc.html
http://www.englishforjapanese.com/exercises/elementary/02%20easy%20verb%20mc.html
http://www.englishforjapanese.com/exercises/elementary/03%20easy%20verb%20mc.html
Three simple exercises on a variety of tenses. The (traditional) use of single
sentences might make the contexts a bit difficult to understand at times.
Verbs: Activities: Metalanguage
http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-verb-forms_quiz.htm
A short exercise on metalanguage connected with verb forms.
Verbs: Activities: Agreement
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subVVrb.html
A page of rules followed by an exercise (linked at the bottom of the page)
on this common problem area. Perhaps more detail than you might sometimes
need.
Verbs: Modal Verbs (or "Modal Auxiliaries")
http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-modals_haveto-mustnot.htm
Some pages of rules and guidelines followed by an exercise (links at the bottom
of the page) on the common problem area of the difference between "must"
and "have to". Note that the similar series on the same site on
the difference between "can" and "could" is probably a
bit too simple (i.e. it does not cover enough of the differences).
Gerunds
http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-gerunds.htm
A good set of pages on how to use gerunds, followed by an exercise (links
at bottom of pages). Perhaps particularly useful is the page on which verbs
take gerunds after them (as opposed to infinitives).
Adverbs
Adverbs: Information About Adverbs
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/adverb
A linguistic overview of adverbs. The page contains hyperlinks to other related
topics. At the bottom of the page the writer makes the sometimes ignored point
that the category of words traditionally labeled "adverbs" is in
fact not always well defined. The language used on this site might be quite
difficult for some learners as it is quite theoretical.
Adverbs: Adverb Positions
http://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/AdverbPl.html
A good summary of this tricky area.
Adverbs: Adverb Positions: Activities
http://www.englishforjapanese.com/exercises/elementary/19%20position%20adverbs.html
A simple exercise on the position of adverbs of frequency. The (traditional)
use of single sentences might make the contexts a bit difficult to understand
at times.
Problem Areas
Problem Areas: Activities: Reported Speech
http://www.englishlearner.com/tests/report.html
A difficult exercise on transforming direct to reported speech. Includes changing
questions, which can be particularly tricky.
Miscellaneous
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~brians/errors/errors.html
Although this site is perhaps more vocabulary than grammar it could be very
useful for learners trying to monitor their own errors. It contains an alphabetical
list of commonly confused words. However, some items do seem to be too prescriptive
and perhaps to ignore the natural evolution of the language.